Tree flowers are usually wind-pollinated rather than insect-pollinated. This is because they produce large amounts of lightweight pollen that can be carried by the wind.

The majority of a tree’s roots (up to 90%) are located in the top 30-60 centimetres of soil. This shallow root system is important for absorbing water and nutrients.

Birch trees can grow as tall as 18-24 meters and have a slender, often multi-trunked appearance. They are fast-growing and can colonize disturbed or cleared areas quickly.

Some tree species have evolved leaves with adaptations that reduce water loss. For instance, some leaves are waxy or hairy, which helps to prevent water loss through transpiration

A mature, healthy tree can evaporate anywhere from 40 to 400 liters of water per day during the summer months.

Trees will often produce more fruits than they can realistically support to full maturity. This is a survival strategy – by creating an overabundance, the tree increases the odds that at least some of the fruits will successfully develop and drop to the ground, where the seeds can germinate and grow into new trees.

Approximately a fifth of all animal and plant species rely on dead trees. A dead tree is a host of life and should not be removed from forests.

Birch trees produce catkins, which are long, cylindrical clusters of small, inconspicuous flowers. The male catkins are pendulous and appear in early spring, while the female catkins are more upright and develop into small, winged fruits.

The acorn caps (also called the cupule) that enclose the acorn nut are structurally fascinating. They are made up of overlapping, modified leaves that fuse together to form the protective cap. The number, shape, and texture of the scales on the acorn cap can help identify different oak species.

Branches can communicate with each other through chemical signals, allowing the tree to coordinate its growth and respond to environmental stresses.